La era de la endoscopia inteligente: cómo la inteligencia artificial potencia la endoscopia digestiva
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52787/agl.v53i3.339Palabras clave:
Inteligencia artificial, detección asistida por computadora, diagnóstico asistido por computadora, aprendizaje profundo, endoscopiaResumen
La inteligencia artificial es un campo de la ciencia y la ingeniería que se ocupa de la comprensión computacional de comportamientos inteligentes y la creación de artefactos que exhiben tales comportamientos, lo que permite a las computadoras funcionar y pensar de manera similar a la de los seres humanos. Esta tecnología ayuda a superar los múltiples retos que enfrentan los profesionales de la salud y aporta al diagnóstico, al manejo y al pronóstico de los pacientes. Actualmente se están desarrollando varios modelos para la endoscopia digestiva, incluyendo algunos que permiten la detección de estructuras anatómicas que pueden ayudar en el entrenamiento de los médicos, servir como guía durante los procedimientos endoscópicos o para la estratificación de lesiones premalignas y malignas. De esta forma disminuirían los falsos negativos y se proporcionarían más tratamientos oportunos. En la actualidad existen sistemas computarizados de detección de lesiones y de diagnóstico en los distintos segmentos de la vía digestiva, cada uno con funciones particulares que proporcionan asistencia durante los procedimientos. Todo esto se ha llevado a cabo con el fin de reducir los riesgos derivados de los factores humanos y ambientales, entre otros, los cuales pueden afectar el diagnóstico y el manejo de las enfermedades. Los modelos de inteligencia artificial en la endoscopia digestiva pueden, además de mejorar la impresión visual de los endoscopistas, disminuir la curva de aprendizaje a través de la aplicación de tecnologías precisas. De esta manera, se reduce la diferencia entre los endoscopistas expertos y menos expertos. En este artículo se discuten los avances tecnológicos de la inteligencia artificial en la endoscopia digestiva y los aspectos futuros relacionados.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Jorge Baquerizo-Burgos, María Egas-Izquierdo, Doménica Cunto, Carlos Robles-Medranda
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