Medicina de precisión en la prevención primaria y secundaria del cáncer gástrico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52787/agl.v53i3.349Palabras clave:
Cáncer gástrico, prevención primaria, prevención secundaria, Helicobacter pylori intro, biomarcadores, medicina de precisiónResumen
El cáncer gástrico es uno de los cánceres más frecuentes en todo el mundo. Tiene un mal pronóstico asociado con un diagnóstico en etapa tardía, lo que disminuye significativamente la supervivencia general. Esto resalta la importancia de la prevención y la detección temprana para mejorar el curso clínico de los pacientes. La prevención y el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer gástrico ejemplifican a la perfección el modelo de medicina de precisión, un enfoque de atención médica que busca que la prioridad recaiga más en el individuo que en la población general. Para alcanzarlo, no sólo es imprescindible un extenso conocimiento de la enfermedad, sino que también resultan claves la identificación de los factores individuales, y la comprensión de diferencias genéticas, moleculares y ambientales. Esto permite diseñar estrategias de abordaje mucho más personalizadas. Con esta aproximación en la prevención del cáncer gástrico, el sujeto aparece siempre en el centro. Las medidas se focalizan directamente en el individuo y, secundariamente, conducen a la optimización del uso de los recursos. En esta revisión se analizan brevemente las estrategias de prevención primaria del cáncer gástrico en base a la detección y erradicación del Helicobacter pylori. Por otro lado, se describen como potenciales medidas de prevención secundaria algunos de los biomarcadores más prometedores para la detección y el diagnóstico del cáncer gástrico precoz, identificados en la sangre, la saliva, la orina, las heces y el jugo gástrico.
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Derechos de autor 2023 Irina Luzko, Patricio Medel-Jara, Joan Llach, Diego Reyes, Leticia Moreira, Arnoldo Riquelme
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
