Diagnosticando la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico en 2022: los cómo y los por qué
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52787/agl.v52i2.215Palabras clave:
Enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico, esofagitis erosiva, tiempo de exposición ácidaResumen
La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) es muy frecuente en la población, con tasas de prevalencia reportadas de entre 10 y 30%, tanto en Latinoamérica1 como en el resto del mundo.2 Esto, sumado a que el diagnóstico suele requerir estudios costosos y que el manejo implica tratamientos médicos prolongados o cirugía, hacen que la ERGE resulte una enorme carga económica para los países.3 Por otro lado, impacta significativamente en la calidad de vida, habiéndose reportado peor calidad de vida que en casos de enfermedades como la angina de pecho o la insuficiencia cardíaca.4 En este contexto, un abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico costo-efectivo es imprescindible, en especial en los países subdesarrollados.
Los avances tecnológicos de los últimos años han dado lugar a nuevos métodos diagnósticos y nuevas variables para el diagnóstico de la ERGE. Con esto, ha sido necesaria la realización de diversos consensos y la actualización de guías de manejo,5-7 incluido el recientemente desarrollado Consenso Latinoamericano 2022. Entre ellos, se destaca el Consenso de Lyon, que fue publicado en 2018 y es el fruto de años de trabajo de un grupo de connotados expertos mundiales.8 Ha sido tremendamente influyente pues ha redefinido los criterios diagnósticos de la ERGE. Estas definiciones han sido adoptadas, por ejemplo, por el Consenso Latinoamericano y este documento se basa en ellas.
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