Updated Detection and Post-Polypectomy Surveillance Recommendations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52787/agl.v52i1.157Keywords:
Colorectal polyps, surveillance post-polypectomy, adenoma detection, rate-colon cancer young, adults-colorectal cancer in ArgentinaAbstract
Colorectal cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Their prevention is based on screening the average risk population (age 50-75, asymptomatic without personal and family history) and the identification of high-risk groups. The vast majority arise from premalignant polyps (adenomas, serrated lesions). Endoscopic polypectomy is effective in reducing colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. The adenoma detection rate is the most important quality measure in colonoscopy and is inversely correlated with the risk of interval cancer and mortality. Over the last years, several new technical-quality recommendations and new devices became available to improve polyp's detection and new post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines have been published. The quality and findings of the baseline colonoscopy will determine surveillance intervals. On the other hand, the newest guidelines from the United States recommend colorectal cancer screenings begin at the age of 45 based on new epidemiological data. However, not all countries followed this recommendation. The purpose of this review is to analyze techniques and devices to improve the adenoma detection rate, new post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines, and the age to start and stop colorectal cancer screening. Contextualize data in Argentina and discuss the relevant ongoing research.
References
- 1. Globocan 2020. Disponible en: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/8-Colon-fact-sheet.pdf (acceso en enero de 2021).
- 2. Guren M. The global challenge of colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2019;4(12):894-5.
- 3. Goodzardi E, Beiranvand R, Naemi H, et al. Worldwide incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer and human development index (HDI): an ecological study. WJCR. 2019;6:e1433.
- 4. Ijspeert JE, Vermeulen L, Meijer GA, et al. Serrated neoplasia-role in colorectal carcinogesis and clinical implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;12:401-9.
- 5. Zauber A, Winawer S, O Brien M, et al. Colonoscopic polypectomy and long term prevention of colorectal-cancer deaths. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:687-96.
- 6. Lieberman DA, Weiss DG, Bond JH, et al. Use of colonoscopy to screen asymptomatic adults for colorectal cancer, Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study. N Engl J Med. 2000;343:162-8.
- 7. Hassan C, Pickhardt PJ, Kim DH, et al. Systematic review: distribution of advanced neoplasia according to polyp size at screening colonoscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010;31:210-7.
- 8. Gualdrini U y cols. Guía del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer 2011.
- 9. Shaukat A, Kahi C, Burke C, et al. ACG Clinical Guidelines: Colorectal Cancer Screening 2021. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116:458-79.
- 10. European Commission. Council recommendation of 2 December 2003 on cancer screening (2003/878/EC). Brussels: European Union, 2003.5.
- 11. Bowel Cancer Screening. Disponible en: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bowel-cancer-screening/ (acceso en enero de 2022).
- 12. Kaminski MF, Regula J, et al. Quality indicators for colonoscopy and the risk of interval cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1795-803.
- 13. Kaminski MF, et al. Increased rate of adenoma detection associates with reduced risk of colorectal cancer and death. Gastroenterology. 2017;153:98-105.
- 14. Corley D, Jensen CD, Marks AR, et al. Adenoma detection rate and risk of colorectal cancer and death. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1298-306.
- 15. Zhao S, Wang S, Pan P, et al. Magnitude, Risk factors, and Factors Associated with Adenoma Miss Rate of Tandem Colonoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2019;156:1661-74.
- 16. Riemann JF, Agrawal A, Amaro P, et al. Adoption of colonoscopy quality measures across Europe: the European Colonoscopy Quality Investigation (ECQI) Group experience. United European Gastroenterol J. Epub, 13 de abril de 2018.
- 17. Rex D, Schoenfeld N, Cohen J, et al. Quality indicators for colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;81:31-53.
- 18. Buenas prácticas endoscópicas. Actividad de Tendiendo Puentes, 2019. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam. 2020;50(4):1-109.
- 19. Wallace M, Crook J, Thomas C, et al. Effect of an endoscopic quality improvement program on adenoma detection rates: a multicenter cluster-randomized controlled trial in a clinical practice setting (EQUIP-3). Gastrointest Endosc. 2017;85:538-45.
- 20. Kaminski M, Anderson J, Roland V, et al. Leadership training to improve adenoma detection rate in screening colonoscopy: a randomized trial. Gut. 2016;65:616-24.
- 21. Chokshi R, Hovis C, Hollander T, et al. Prevalence of missed adenomas in patients with inadequate bowel preparation on screening colonoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;75:1197-203.
- 22. Calderwood A, Jacobson B. Comprehensive validation of the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010; 72:686-92.
- 23. Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration: application to healthy patients undergoing elective procedures: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Committee on Standards and Practice Parameters. Anesthesiology. 2011;114:495-511.
- 24. Radaelli F, Paggi S, Hassan C, et al. Split-dose preparation for colonoscopy increases adenoma detection rate: a randomised controlled trial in an organised screening programme. Gut. 2017;66:270-7.
- 25. Zhao S, Yang X, Wang S, et al. Impact of 9-minute withdrawal time on the Adenoma Detection Rate: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled trial. Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2020; en prensa. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.11.019 (acceso en febrero de 2022).
- 26. Rex, D. How I approach retroflexion and prevention of right-sided colon cancer following colonoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111:9-11.
- 27. Nuñez Rodríguez M, Diez Redondo P, Riu Pons F, et al. Proximal retroflexion versus second forward view of the right colon during screening colonoscopy: A multicentre randomized controlled trial. UEG Journal. 2020;8:725-35.
- 28. Nutalapati V, Desai M, Thoguluva-Chandrasekar V, et al. Effect of dynamic position changes on adenoma detection rate during colonoscope withdrawal: systematic review and meta-analysis. Endoscopy International Open. 2020;8:1842-9.
- 29. Laudanno O, Pucci B, Ahumarn G, et al. Diverticular disease as a harbinger of underlying colorectal adenomas. Gastrointest Endosc. 2020;91:6S.
- 30. Tziatzios G, Gkolfakis P, Lazaridis L, et al. High-definition colonoscopy for improving adenoma detection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Gastrointest Endosc. 2020;91:1027-36.
- 31. Hsieh Y, Tseng C, Hu C, et al. Prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial comparing adenoma detection rate in colonoscopy using water exchange, wáter inmersión and air insufflation. Gastrointest Endosc. 2017;86:192-201.
- 32. Williet N, Tournier Q, Vernet C, et al. Effect of Endocuff-assisted colonoscopy on adenoma detection rate: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endoscopy Epub, 26 de abril de 2018.
- 33. Rex D, Repici A, Gross S, et al. High definition colonoscopy versus Endocuff versus EndoRings versus full-spectrum endoscopy for adenoma detection at colonoscopy: a multicenter randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2018;88:335-44.
- 34. Hammad H, Kaltenbach T, Soetikno R. Image-enhanced endoscopy: How far do we need to go? Gastrointest Endosc. 2017;86:698-9.
- 35. Repici A, Badalamenti M, Maselli R, et al. Efficacy of Real-Time Computer-Aided Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia in a Randomized Trial. Gastroenterology. 2020;159:512-20
- 36. Wang P, Liu P, Glissen Brown J, et al. Lower Adenoma Miss Rate of Computer-Aided Detection-Assisted Colonoscopy vs Routine White-Light Colonoscopy in a Prospective Tandem Study. Gastroenterology. 2020;159:1252-61.
- 37. Mori Y, Bretthauer M, Kalager M. Hopes and Hypes for Artificial Intelligence in Colorectal Cancer Screening. Gastroenterology. 2021;161:774-7.
- 38. Wolf A, Fontham E, Church T, et al. Colorectal cancer screening for average-risk adults: 2018 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68:250-81.
- 39. Patel S, May F, Anderson J, et al. Updates on Age to Start and Stop Colorectal Cancer Screening: Recommendations from the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterology. 2022;162:285-99.
- 40. USPSTF, Davidson K, Barry M, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021;325:1965-77.
- 41. Siegel R, Medhanie G, Fedewa S, et al. State variation in early-onset colorectal cancer in the United States, 1995-2015. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2019;111:1104-6.
- 42. Siegel R, Torre L, Soerjomataram I, et al. Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence in young adults. Gut. 2019; 68:2179-85.
- 43. Joh H, Lee D, Hur J, et al. Simple Sugar and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake During Adolescence and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Precursors. Gastroenterology. 2021;161:128-42.
- 44. Chu H. Bringing Primary and Secondary Prevention Into Play in Community Prevention of Gastrointestinal Cancers. Gastroenterology. 2021;161:1787-805.
- 45. Canadian Task Force. Disponible en: www.canadiantaskforce.ca/colorectal-cancer (acceso en enero de 2022).
- 46. Qaseem A, Crandall C, Mustafa R, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer in asymptomatic average-risk adults: a guidance statement from the American College of Physicians. Ann Inter Med. 2019;171:643-54.
- 47. Day l, Kwon A, Inadomi J, et al. Adverse events in older patients undergoing colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;74:885-96.
- 48. Gupta S, Lieberman D, Anderson J, et al. Recommendations for Follow-Up After Colonoscopy and Polypectomy: A Consensus Update by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Gastrointest Endosc. 2020;91:463-85.
- 49. Hassan C, Antonelli G, Dumonceau J, et al. Post-polypectomy colonoscopy surveillance: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Guideline-Update 2020.
- 50. Rutter M, East J, Rees C, et al. British Society of Gastroenterology/Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland/Public Health England post-polypectomy and post-colorectal cancer resection surveillance guidelines. Gut. 2020;69:201-23.
- 51. Djinbachian R, Dubé J, Durand M, et al. Adherence to post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endoscopy. 2019;51:673-83.
- 52. Esteban S, Ricci R, Terrasa S, et al. Colonoscopy overuse in colorectal cancer screening and associated factors in Argentina: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2017;17:1-7.
- 53. Hassan C, Gimeno-Garcia A, Kalager M, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis: the incidence of advanced neoplasia after polypectomy in patients with and without low-risk adenomas. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014;39:905-12.
- 54. Dube C, Yakubu M, McCurdy B, et al. Risk of advanced adenoma, colorectal cancer, and colorectal cancer mortality in people with low-risk adenomas at baseline colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112:1790-801.
- 55. Loberg M, Kalager M, Holme O, et al. Long-term colorectal-cancer mortality after adenoma removal. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:799-807.
- 56. Cottet V, Jooste V, Fournel I, et al. Long-term risk of colorectal cancer after adenoma removal: a population-based cohort study. Gut. 2012;61:1180-6.
- 57. Atkin W, Wooldrage K, Brenner A, et al. Adenoma surveillance and colorectal cancer incidence: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study. The Lancet Oncology. 2017;18:823-34.
- 58. Lee J, Jensen C, Levin T, et al. Long-term risk of colorectal cancer and related death after adenoma removal in a large, community based population. Gastroenterology. 2020;158:884-94.
- 59. Wieszczy P, Kaminski M, Franczyk R, et al. Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality after removal of adenomas during screening colonoscopies. Gastroenterology. 2020;158:875-83.
- 60. Click B, Pinsky P, Hickey T, et al. Association of colonoscopy adenoma findings with long-term colorectal cancer incidence. JAMA. 2018;319:2021-31.
- 61. Lieberman D, Sullivan B, Hauser E, et al. Baseline colonoscopy findings associated with 10 years outcome in a screening cohort undergoing colonoscopy surveillance. Gastroenterology. 2020;158:862-74.
- 62. He X, Hang D, Wu K, et al. Long-term risk of colorectal cancer after removal of conventional adenomas and serrated polyps. Gastroenterology. 2020;158:852-61.
- 63. de Jonge V, Sint Nicolaas J, van Leerdam M, et al. Systematic literature review and pooled analyses of risk factors for finding adenomas at surveillance colonoscopy. Endoscopy. 2011;43:560-74.
- 64. Holme Ø, Bretthauer M, Eide TJ, et al. Long-term risk of colorectal cancer in individuals with serrated polyps. Gut. 2015;64:929-36.
- 65. Anderson J, Butterly L, Robinson C, et al. Risk of metachronous high risk adenomas and large serrated polyps in individuals with serrated polyps on index colonoscopy: data from the New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry. Gastroenterology. 2018;154:117-27.
- 66. Tran AH, Man NgorEW, Wu BU. Surveillance colonoscopy in elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174:1675-168.
- 67. Globocan 2020. Disponible en: https://gco.iarc.fr/Argentina (acceso en enero de 2022).
- 68. Pucci B, Laudanno O, Lafage M, y col. Cribado Cáncer Colorrectal mediante test de inmunoensayo fecal. Resultados iniciales de la implementación del Programa Nacional de Prevención y Detección Temprana del Cáncer Colorrectal en un hospital universitario. Acta Gastroenterol Latinom. 2018;48(1).
- 69. Steinberg L, Pereyra L. Vigilancia colonoscópica: ¿el talón de Aquiles de la prevención del cáncer colorrectal? Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam. 2020;50:96-103.
- 70. 4 Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo. 2019. Disponible en: www.indec.gob.ar
- 71. Casal E, Velázquez E, Mejía R, y col. Rastreo del cáncer colorectal. Conocimiento y actitud de la población. Medicina (Buenos Aires). 2009;69:135-42.
- 72. Sanguinetti J, León de la Fuente R. ¿Qué saben de tamizaje de cáncer de colon y recto quienes deben hacérselo? Conocimiento sobre prevención de cáncer de colon y vulnerabilidad social. Acta Gastroenterol Latinom. 2019;49:349-55.
- 73. Inadomi J, Issaka R, Green B. What multilevel interventions do we need to increase the colorectal cancer screening rate to 80%? Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19:633-45.
- 74. Quintero e, Castells A, Bujanda L, et al. Colonoscopy versus Fecal Immunochemical Testing in Colorectal-Cancer Screening. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:697-706.
- 75. Kamisnki M, Bretthauer M, Zauber A, et al. The NordICC Study: Rationale and design of a randomized trial on colonoscopy screening for colorectal cancer. Endoscopy. 2012; 44:695-702.
- 76. Jover R, Bretthauer M, Dekker E, et al. Rationale and design of the European Polyp Surveillance (EPOS) trials. Endoscopy. 2016;48:571-8.
- 77. ClinicalTrials.gov. Five or Ten Year Colonoscopy for 1-2 Non-Advanced Adenomatous Polyps (FORTE), sponsor: National Cancer Institute.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Oscar Laudanno, Betiana Pucci, Santiago Brayer
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
