Tratamiento endoscópico antirreflujo para la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico: perspectiva actual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52787/agl.v52i2.219Palabras clave:
Enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico, transoral incisionless fundoplication, stretta, anti-reflux mucosal ablation, MUSEResumen
La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico continúa siendo la enfermedad gastrointestinal que con mayor frecuencia se diagnostica en los Estados Unidos, y su incidencia y prevalencia se encuentran en aumento a nivel global. El pilar de tratamiento tradicional se basa en el manejo médico, incluyendo modificaciones en los estilos de vida y en la dieta. Sin embargo, una proporción significativa de los pacientes presenta una pobre respuesta al tratamiento con inhibidores de bomba de protones en el largo término o se niega a tomar la medicación de manera crónica por miedo a sus efectos adversos. En estos pacientes refractarios al manejo médico o con contraindicación para este, el siguiente paso es el procedimiento quirúrgico antirreflujo. Recientemente, se han desarrollado avances innovadores en lo que respecta a la terapéutica endoscópica, que ofrecen numerosas alternativas mínimamente invasivas en el manejo endoscópico de la enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico para estos pacientes. No obstante, el rol de los procedimientos endoscópicos continúa siendo un tema controversial debido a los limitados datos comparativos a largo término, aunque se empiezan a tener en consideración en las ultimas guías de manejo de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico. En esta revisión discutiremos las diferentes opciones terapéuticas endoscópicas disponibles actualmente.
Citas
-1. Vakil N, Van Zanten S V, Kahrilas P, Dent J, Jones R, Bianchi LK, et al. The Montreal definition and classification of gastroesophageal reflux disease: A global evidence-based consensus. Am J Gastroenterol. 2006;101(8):1900-20.
-2. Katz PO, Dunbar KB, Schnoll-Sussman FH, Greer KB, Yadlapati R, Spechler SJ. ACG Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022;117(1):27-56.
-3. Eusebi LH, Ratnakumaran R, Yuan Y, Solaymani-Dodaran M, Bazzoli F, Ford AC. Global prevalence of, and risk factors for, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms: A meta-analysis. Gut. 2018;67(3):430-40.
-4. Richter JE, Rubenstein JH. Presentation and Epidemiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2018;154(2):267-76. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.07.045
-5. Diaz-Rubio M, Moreno-Elola-Olaso C, Rey E, Locke GR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. Symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux: Prevalence, severity, duration and associated factors in a Spanish population. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004;19(1):95-105.
-6. Richter JE. The patient with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dis Esophagus. 2006;19(6):443-7.
-7. Fuchs KH, Babic B, Breithaupt W, Dallemagne B, Fingerhut A, Furnee E, et al. EAES recommendations for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Surg Endosc. 2014;28(6):1753-73.
-8. Ihde GM. The evolution of TIF: transoral incisionless fundoplication. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2020;13:1-16.
-9. Chang KJ, Bell R. Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am [Internet]. 2020;30(2):267-89. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2019.12.008
-10. Ebright MI, Sridhar P, Litle VR, Narsule CK, Daly BD, Fernando HC. Endoscopic fundoplication effectiveness for controlling symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Innov Technol Tech Cardiothorac Vasc Surg. 2017;12(3):180-5.
-11. Frazzoni M, Conigliaro R, Manta R, Melotti G. Reflux parameters as modified by EsophyX or laparoscopic fundoplication in refractory GERD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011;34(1):67-75.
-12. De Santiago ER, Albéniz E, Estremera-Arevalo F, Sánchez-Vegazo CT, Lorenzo-Zúñiga V. Endoscopic anti-reflux therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2021;27(39):6601-14.
-13. Huang X, Chen S, Zhao H, Zeng X, Lian J, Tseng Y, et al. Efficacy of transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) for the treatment of GERD: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Surg Endosc. 2017;31(3):1032-44.
-14. Hunter JG, Kahrilas PJ, Bell RCW, Wilson EB, Trad KS, Dolan JP, et al. Efficacy of transoral fundoplication vs omeprazole for treatment of regurgitation in a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2015;148(2):324-333.e5. Disponible en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2014.10.009
-15. Trad KS, Barnes WE, Simoni G, Shughoury AB, Mavrelis PG, Raza M, et al. Transoral incisionless fundoplication effective in eliminating GERD symptoms in partial responders to proton pump inhibitor therapy at 6 months: The TEMPO randomized clinical trial. Surg Innov. 2015;22(1):26-40.
-16. Wendling MR, Melvin WS, Perry KA. Impact of transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) on subjective and objective GERD indices: A systematic review of the published literature. Surg Endosc. 2013;27(10):3754-61.
-17. Toomey P, Teta A, Patel K, Ross S, Sukharamwala P, Rosemurgy AS. Transoral incisionless fundoplication: Is it as safe and efficacious as a nissen or toupet fundoplication? Am Surg. 2014;80(9):860-7.
-18. Richter JE, Kumar A, Lipka S, Miladinovic B, Velanovich V. Efficacy of Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication vs Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication or Proton Pump Inhibitors in Patients With Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2018;154(5):1298-1308.e7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.12.021
-19. Repici A, Fuccio L, Maselli R, Mazza F, Correale L, Mandolesi D, et al. GERD after per-oral endoscopic myotomy as compared with Heller’s myotomy with fundoplication: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc [Internet]. 2018;87(4):934-43.e18. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2017.10.022
-20. Zacherl J, Roy-Shapira A, Bonavina L, Bapaye A, Kiesslich R, Schoppmann SF, et al. Endoscopic anterior fundoplication with the Medigus Ultrasonic Surgical Endostapler (MUSETM) for gastroesophageal reflux disease: 6-month results from a multi-center prospective trial. Surg Endosc. 2015;29(1):220-9.
-21. Testoni PA, Testoni S, Mazzoleni G, Pantaleo G, Cilona MB, Distefano G, et al. Transoral incisionless fundoplication with an ultrasonic surgical endostapler for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: 12-month outcomes. Endoscopy. 2020;52(6):469-73.
-22. Roy-Shapira A, Bapaye A, Date S, Pujari R, Dorwat S. Trans-oral anterior fundoplication: 5-year follow-up of pilot study. Surg Endosc. 2015;29(12):3717-21.
-23. Kim HJ, Kwon C Il, Kessler WR, Selzer DJ, McNulty G, Bapaye A, et al. Long-term follow-up results of endoscopic treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease with the MUSETM endoscopic stapling device. Surg Endosc. 2016;30(8):3402-8.
-24. Danalioglu A, Cipe G, Toydemir T, Kocaman O, Ince AT, Muslumanoglu M, et al. Endoscopic stapling in comparison to laparoscopic fundoplication for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dig Endosc. 2014;26(1):37-42.
-25. Sowa P, Samarasena JB. Nonablative Radiofrequency Treatment for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (STRETTA). Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am [Internet]. 2020;30(2):253-65. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giec.2019.12.006
-26. Fry LC, Mönkemüller K, Malfertheiner P. Systematic review: Endoluminal therapy for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: Evidence from clinical trials. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;19(12):1125-39.
-27. Triadafilopoulos G. Stretta: An effective, minimally invasive treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Med. 2003;115(3 SUPPL. 1):192-200.
-28. Triadafilopoulos G. Stretta: A valuable endoscopic treatment modality for gastroesophageal reflux disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(24):7730-8.
-29. Utley DS, Kim M, Vierra MA, Triadafilopoulos G. Augmentation of lower esophageal sphincter pressure and gastric yield pressure after radiofrequency energy delivery to the gastroesophageal junction: A porcine model. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000;52(1):81-6.
-30. Lee DP, Chang KJ. Endoscopic Management of GERD. Dig Dis Sci [Internet]. 2022;(0123456789). Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-022-07390-2
-31. Xie P, Yan J, Ye L, Wang C, Li Y, Chen Y, et al. Efficacy of different endoscopic treatments in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Surg Endosc [Internet]. 2021;35(4):1500-10. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-021-08386-1
-32. Coron E, Sebille V, Cadiot G, Zerbib F, Ducrotte P, Ducrot F, et al. Clinical trial: Radiofrequency energy delivery in proton pump inhibitor-dependent gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28(9):1147-58.
-33. Corley DA, Katz P, Wo JM, Stefan A, Patti M, Rothstein R, et al. Improvement of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms after radiofrequency energy: A randomized, sham-controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2003;125(3):668-76.
-34. Abdel Aziz AM, El-Khayat HR, Sadek A, Mattar SG, McNulty G, Kongkam P, et al. A prospective randomized trial of sham, single-dose Stretta, and double-dose Stretta for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Surg Endosc. 2010;24(4):818-25.
-35. Arts J, Bisschops R, Blondeau K, Farré R, Vos R, Holvoet L, et al. A double-blind sham-controlled study of the effect of radiofrequency energy on symptoms and distensibility of the gastro-esophageal junction in GERD. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(2):222-30.
-36. Fass R, Cahn F, Scotti DJ, Gregory DA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled and prospective cohort efficacy studies of endoscopic radiofrequency for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Surg Endosc. 2017;31(12):4865-82.
-37. Vaezi MF, Shaheen NJ, Muthusamy VR. State of Evidence in Minimally Invasive Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux: Findings of a Scoping Review. Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2020;159(4):1504-25. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.097
-38. Inoue H, Ito H, Ikeda H, Sato C, Sato H, Phalanusitthepha C, et al. Anti-reflux mucosectomy for gastroesophageal reflux disease in the absence of hiatus hernia: A pilot study. Ann Gastroenterol. 2014;27(4):346-51.
-39. Monino L, González J-M, Vitton V, Barthet M. Antireflux mucosectomy band in treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: a pilot study for safety, feasibility and symptom control. Endosc Int Open. 2020;08(02):E147-54.
-40. Sumi K, Inoue H, Kobayashi Y, Iwaya Y, Abad MRA, Fujiyoshi Y, et al. Endoscopic treatment of proton pump inhibitor-refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease with anti-reflux mucosectomy: Experience of 109 cases. Dig Endosc. 2021;33(3):347-54.
-41. Debourdeau A, Vitton V, Monino L, Barthet M, Gonzalez JM. Antireflux Mucosectomy Band (ARM-b) in Treatment of Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease After Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg. 2020;30(11):4654-8.
-42. Inoue H, Tanabe M, de Santiago ER, Abad MRA, Shimamura Y, Fujiyoshi Y, et al. Anti-reflux mucosal ablation (ARMA) as a new treatment for gastroesophageal reflux refractory to proton pump inhibitors: a pilot study. Endosc Int Open. 2020;08(02):E133-8.
-43. Chen S, Du F, Zhong C, Liu C, Wang X, Chen Y, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease: Recent innovations in endoscopic assessment and treatment. Gastroenterol Rep. 2021;9(5):383-91.
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2022 Juan Ignacio Olmos, Carlos Robles-Medranda
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
