Prevalencia de cólico infantil: experiencia del grupo de trabajo en trastornos del eje cerebro-intestino de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica (SLAGHNP)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52787/agl.v52i4.264Palabras clave:
Cólico infantil, prevalencia, Roma IV, factores de riesgoResumen
Introducción. La prevalencia de cólico infantil en niños colombianos es 10,4% según los criterios de Roma III.
Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de cólico infantil en niños latinoamericanos según los criterios de Roma IV y sus posibles asociaciones.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en dos países de Sudamérica y cinco de Centroamérica. A partir de la base de datos del Functional International Digestive Epidemiological Research Survey, se incluyeron niños menores de 5 meses diagnosticados con cólico infantil a través del Cuestionario de Síntomas Gastrointestinales Pediátricos Roma IV.
Resultados. Se analizaron 633 lactantes (74,4% de América del Sur, 2,3 ± 1,1 meses de edad). Se diagnosticó cólico infantil en 7,4% (61,7% hombres; 59,6% mestizos; 38,3% colombianos), siendo más frecuente en el primer mes de vida y en los nacidos por cesárea, en el 27,7% de prematuros, el 10,6% de los alimentados con leche humana y el 4,3% con padres separados. Se encontró mayor oportunidad para cólico infantil en la raza mestiza (OR = 1,86 IC95% = 0,97-3,60 p = 0,0416) y ante la presencia de trastornos del eje cerebro intestino intrafamiliares (OR = 4,24 IC95% = 1,15-12,85 p = 0,0036). Vivir con ambos padres fue un factor protector (OR = 0,23 IC95% = 0,02-0,94 p = 0,0336).
Conclusión. La prevalencia de cólico infantil en lactantes latinoamericanos, del 7,4%, fue menor a la descripta por Roma III. Se encontró asociación con los trastornos del eje cerebro intestino intrafamiliares y la raza mestiza. El hecho de vivir con ambos padres fue un factor protector.
Citas
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