Prevención del cáncer gástrico: Contexto y experiencia latinoamericana

Autores/as

  • Oscar Laudanno Gastroenterólogo. Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas Alfredo Lanari, Universidad de Buenos Aires. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5817-3292
  • Arnoldo Riquelme Gastroenterólogo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Centro para la prevención y control del cáncer (CECAN).
  • Patricio Medel-Jara Programa de Doctorado en Epidemiología, Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Programa de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3784-1463

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52787/agl.v54i4.456

Palabras clave:

Cáncer gástrico, prevención, screening, Helicobacter pylori

Resumen

El cáncer gástrico es una enfermedad multifactorial, y la infección crónica por Helicobacter pylori es una de sus principales causa. En Occidente recibe poca atención, con escasas políticas preventivas, en especial en países como Argentina, considerada de “bajo riesgo”. Pero tanto en Argentina como en Estados Unidos, la población es heterogénea, con inmigración permanente de países con riesgo alto o intermedio, a lo que se agrega una mayor susceptibilidad en la población masculina. Se estima que la frecuencia aumentará, dado el envejecimiento poblacional. En los últimos años ha surgido nueva evidencia para su prevención. La principal estrategia para la prevención primaria es la erradicación del Helicobacter pylori, mientras que la prevención secundaria para países heterogéneos como Argentina se basa en la identificación de los grupos de riesgo, particularmente mediante la identificación de las denominadas lesiones precursoras del cáncer gástrico. Esta revisión narrativa explora todas estas estrategias con un “fuerte sesgo” hacia la situación en Argentina, Chile y Latinoamérica.

Citas

-1. International Agency for Research on Cancer. GLOBOCAN. Cancer Today 2022 [Available from: https://gco.iarc.fr/today/en/dataviz/tables?mode=cancer&group_populations=1&multiple_populations=1

-2. CORREA P, PIAZUELO MB. The gastric precancerous cascade. Journal of digestive diseases. 2012;13:2-9.

-3. Ferlay J, Ervik M, Lam F, Laversanne M, Colombet M, Mery L, et al. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Today. 2024.

-4. Dominguez RL, Montalvan-Sanchez EE, Norwood DA, Rodriguez-Murillo A, Dominguez L, Estevez Ordoñez D, et al. Population-Based Study of Gastric Cancer Survival and Associations in Rural Western Honduras. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2024;33(12):1578-85.

-5. Torres J, Correa P, Ferreccio C, Hernandez-Suarez G, Herrero R, Cavazza-Porro M, et al. Gastric cancer incidence and mortality is associated with altitude in the mountainous regions of Pacific Latin America. Cancer Causes Control. 2013;24(2):249-56.

-6. Piñeros M, Frech S, Frazier L, Laversanne M, Barnoya J, Garrido C, et al. Advancing Reliable Data for Cancer Control in the Central America Four Region. J Glob Oncol. 2018;4:1-11.

-7. Bonequi P, Meneses-González F, Correa P, Rabkin CS, Camargo MC. Risk factors for gastric cancer in Latin America: a meta-analysis. Cancer Causes Control. 2013;24(2):217-31.

-8. Li Y, Choi H, Leung K, Jiang F, Graham DY, Leung WK. Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection between 1980 and 2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;8:553-64.

-9. Curado MP, de Oliveira MM, de Araújo Fagundes M. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Latin America and the Caribbean populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol. 2019;60:141-8.

-10. Aguiar KEC, Oliveira IS, Cohen-Paes AN, Coelho RCC, Vinagre L, Rodrigues JCG, et al. Molecular Profile of Variants in CDH1, TP53, PSCA, PRKAA1, and TTN Genes Related to Gastric Cancer Susceptibility in Amazonian Indigenous Populations. J Pers Med. 2023;13(9).

-11. Correa P, Piazuelo MB. Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Adenocarcinoma. US Gastroenterol Hepatol Rev. 2011;7 (1):59-64.

-12. Sociedad Americana Contra El Cancer. Datos y Estadísticas sobre el Cáncer entre los Hispanos/Latinos 2018-2020. Atlanta: Sociedad Americana Contra El Cancer; 2018.

-13. Ferreccio C, Rollán A, Harris PR, Serrano C, Gederlini A, Margozzini P, et al. Gastric Cancer is Related to Early Helicobacter pylori Infection in a High-Prevalence Country. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers. 2007;16:662-7

-14. Da Costa D, Guidotti F, Cabello N, Trigo F, Contreras C, Vergara F, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection detected during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Rev Med Chil. 2018;146(5):555-61.

-15. Silva F, Latorre G, Medel P, Bustamante M, Montero I, Robles C, et al. Reduction in Helicobacter pylori infection among patients referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in Santiago, Chile, between 2010-2020. Rev Gastroenterol Peru. 2024;44(1):14-20.

-16. Torres-Roman JS, Alvarez CS, Guerra-Canchari P, Valcarcel B, Martinez-Herrera JF, Dávila-Hernández CA, et al. Sex and age differences in mortality trends of gastric cancer among Hispanic/Latino populations in the United States, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022;16:100376.

-17. Anderson WF, Rabkin CS, Turner N, Fraumeni JF, Jr., Rosenberg PS, Camargo MC. The Changing Face of Noncardia Gastric Cancer Incidence Among US Non-Hispanic Whites. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2018;110(6):608-15.

-18. Santos ID, Cordeiro ML, Santos H, Souza VLd, Bittencourt B, França FA, et al. Vaccine development against Helicobacter pylori: from ideal antigens to the current landscape. EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES. 2021.

-19. MINSAL. Tratamiento de erradicación de Helicobacter pylori en el paciente con úlcera péptica. In: Enfermedades SdSPDdPyCd, editor. Santiago de Chile 2013.

-20. Muñoz JM, Regino WO, Zuleta MG. How can Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies be improved? Rev Colob Gastroenterol. 2018;33:427-37.

-21. Reyes-Placencia D, Remes-Troche JM, Laudanno O, Otero W, Piscoya A, Otoya G, et al. Sa1360 Helicobacter Pylori Diagnostic Tests and Indications of Treatment from the Latin American Registry on the Management of Helicobacter Pylori Infection (Hp-Latamreg). Gastroenterology. 2024;166(5):S-429.

-22. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O’Morain CA, Atherton J, Axon ATR, Bazzoli F, et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection - the Maastricht IV / Florence Consensus Report. Gut. 2012;61:646-64.

-23. Rollan A, Arab JP, Camargo MC, Candia R, Harris P, Ferreccio C, et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection in Latin America: A Delphi technique-based consensus. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:10969-89.

-24. Ford A, Yuan Y, Forman D, Hunt R, Moayyedi P. Helicobacter pylori eradication for the prevention of gastric neoplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;6.

-25. Chiang T-H, Chang W-J, Chen SL-S, Yen AM-F, Fann JC-Y, Chiu SY-H, et al. Mass eradication of Helicobacter pylori to re-

duce gastric cancer incidence and mortality: a long-term cohort study on Matsu Islands. Gut. 2021;70:243-50.

-26. Choi, I. J., Kim, C. G., Lee, J. Y., Kim, Y. I., Kook, M. C., Park, B. et al. Family History of Gastric Cancer and Helicobacter pylori Treatment. The New England journal of medicine 2020 382(5), 427-436

-27. Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, Rokkas T, Gisbert JP, Liou J-M, Schulz C, et al. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection: the Maastricht VI/Florence consensus report. Gut. 2022;0:1-39.

-28. Ilic M, Ilic I. Epidemiology of stomach cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2022;28:1187-203.

-29. Liou JM, Lee YC, Wu MS. Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection and its long-term impacts on gut microbiota. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;35(7):1107-16.

-30. Shah SC, Iyer PG, Moss SF. AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Management of Refractory Helicobacter pylori Infection: Expert Review. Gastroenterology. 2021;160(5):1831-41.

-31. Camargo MC, García A, Riquelme A, Otero W, Camargo CA, Hernandez-García T, et al. The problem of Helicobacter pylori Resistance to Antibiotics A Systematic Review in Latin America. Am J Gastroenterol. 2014;109:485-95.

-32. Arenas A, Serrano C, Quiñones L, Harris P, Sandoval M, Lavanderos M, et al. High prevalence of clarithromycin resistance and effect on Helicobacter pylori eradication in a population from Santiago, Chile: cohort study and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports. 2019;9.

-33. González-Hormazábal P, Arenas A, Serrano C, Pizarro M, Fuentes-López E, Arnold J, et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Resistance Among Chilean Patients. Archives of Medical Research. 2021;12.

-34. Sitkin S, Lazebnik L, Avalueva E, Kononova S, Vakhitov T. Gastrointestinal microbiome and Helicobacter pylori: Eradicate, leave it as it is, or take a personalized benefit-risk approach? World J Gastroenterol. 2022;28(7):766-74.

-35. Li Y, He C, Lu N. Impacts of Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication on gastrointestinal microbiota: An up-to-date critical review and future perspectives. Chin Med J (Engl). 2024.

-36. Liou JM, Chen CC, Chang CM, Fang YJ, Bair MJ, Chen PY, et al. Long-term changes of gut microbiota, antibiotic resistance, and metabolic parameters after Helicobacter pylori eradication: a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(10):1109-20.

-37. Yap TW, Gan HM, Lee YP, Leow AH, Azmi AN, Francois F, et al. Helicobacter pylori Eradication Causes Perturbation of the Human Gut Microbiome in Young Adults. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0151893.

-38. Hsu PI, Pan CY, Kao JY, Tsay FW, Peng NJ, Kao SS, et al. Short-term and long-term impacts of Helicobacter pylori eradication with reverse hybrid therapy on the gut microbiota. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;34(11):1968-76.

-39. Du L, Chen B, Cheng F, Kim J, Kim JJ. Effects of Helicobacter pylori Therapy on Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Dig Dis. 2024;42(1):102-12.

-40. Chey WD, Leontiadis GI, Howden CW, Moss SF. ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection. (1572-0241 (Electronic).

-41. Yaghoobi M, Farrokhyar F, Yuan Y, Hunt RH. Is there an increased risk of GERD after Helicobacter pylori eradication?: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010;105(5):1007-13; quiz 6, 14.

-42. Zhao T, Liu F, Li Y. Effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on esophageal motility, esophageal acid exposure, and gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023;13:1082620.

-43. Zullo A, Hassan C, Repici A, Bruzzese V. Helicobacter pylori eradication and reflux disease onset: did gastric acid get "crazy"? World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(6):786-9.

-44. Lin KD, Chiu GF, Waljee AK, Owyang SY, El-Zaatari M, Bishu S, et al. Effects of Anti-Helicobacter pylori Therapy on Incidence of Autoimmune Diseases, Including Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;17(10):1991-9.

-45. de Vries AC, van Grieken NC, Looman CW, Casparie MK, de Vries E, Meijer GA, et al. Gastric cancer risk in patients with premalignant gastric lesions: a nationwide cohort study in the Netherlands. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(4):945-52.

-46. Bornschein J, Bird-Lieberman EL, Malfertheiner P. The Rationale and Efficacy of Primary and Secondary Prevention in Adenocarcinomas of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract. Dig Dis. 2019;37:381-93.

-47. Latorre G, Silva FA-O, Montero I, Bustamante M, Dukes E, Uribe J, et al. Comparison of OLGA and OLGIM as predictors of gastric cancer in a Latin American population: the ECHOS Study. (1468-3288 (Electronic).

-48. Thiruvengadam NR, Gupta S, Buller S, Awad I, Gandhi D, Ibarra A, et al. The Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Surveillance of Incidentally Detected Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia: A Microsimulation Analysis. (1542-7714 (Electronic).

-49. National Cancer Institute. CA 15-3 [Available from: https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/publicaciones/diccionarios/diccionario-cancer/def/ca-15-3

-50. National Cancer Institute. TFF3: National Cancer Institute; [Available from: https://edrn.nci.nih.gov/data-and-resources/biomarkers/tff3/

-51. E A, A Y, C C, G T. The role of high sensitive C-reactive protein and histopathological evaluation in chronic gastritis patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection. Acta Cir Bras. 2021;34.

-52. John Hopkins Medicine. APC I1370K and Colorectal Cancer [12-02]. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/colon-cancer/apc-i1307k-and-colorectal-cancer

-53. Song M, Camargo MC, Katki HA, Weinstein SJ, Männistö S, Albanes D, et al. Association of Antiparietal Cell and Anti-Intrinsic Factor Antibodies With Risk of Gastric Cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2022;8:1-7.

-54. JBY S, R K, F Z, C K, L Z, R Z, et al. Development and validation of a serum microRNA biomarker panel for detecting gastric cancer in a high-risk population. Gut. 2021;70:829-37.

-55. Corsi Sotelo Ó, Pizarro Rojas M, Rollán Rodríguez A, Silva Figueroa V, Araya Jofré R, Bufadel Godoy ME, et al. Chilean consensus by expert panel using the Delphi technique for primary and secondary prevention of gastric cancer. (0210-5705 (Print).

-56. Roberti J, Leslie HH, Doubova SV, Ranilla JM, Mazzoni A, Espinoza L, et al. Inequalities in health system coverage and quality: a cross-sectional survey of four Latin American countries. Lancet Glob Health. 2024;12(1):e145-e55.

-57. Riquelme A, Abnet CC, Goodman KJ, Piazuelo MB, Ruiz-Garcia E, de Assumpção PP, et al. Recommendations for gastric cancer prevention and control in the Americas. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023;27:100608.

-58. Herrero R, Carvajal LJ, Camargo MC, Riquelme A, Porras C, Ortiz AP, et al. Latin American and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer 1st edition: Infections and cancer. Cancer Epidemiol. 2023;86 Suppl 1:102435.

-59. Rollán A, Cortés P, Calvo A, Araya R, Bufadel ME, González R, et al. [Recommendations of the Chilean Association for Digestive Endoscopy for the management of gastric pre-malignant lesions]. Rev Med Chil. 2014;142(9):1181-92.

-60. Chile Atiende. Elige vivir sano 2024 [Available from: https://www.chileatiende.gob.cl/fichas/10435-elige-vivir-sano%5D%5D

-61. Taillie LS, Bercholz M, Popkin B, Reyes M, Colchero MA, Corvalán C. Changes in food purchases after the Chilean policies on food labelling, marketing, and sales in schools: a before and after study. Lancet Planet Health. 2021;5(8):e526-e33.

-62. Ministerio de Salud. Guía legal soble Ley del cáncer 2021 [Available from: https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1149004

-63. Ministerio de Salud. Problemas de Salud, 80. Tratamiento de erradicación del Helicobacter pylori [Available from: https://www.superdesalud.gob.cl/orientacion-en-salud/tratamiento-de-erradicacion-del-helicobacter-pylori/

-64. Venezuela SAd. Boletin General. 2023.

-65. Estrategia nacional para la atención integral del cáncer en el Ecuador, (2017).

Descargas

Publicado

30-12-2024

Cómo citar

Laudanno, O., Riquelme, A., & Medel-Jara, P. (2024). Prevención del cáncer gástrico: Contexto y experiencia latinoamericana. Acta Gastroenterológica Latinoamericana, 54(4), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.52787/agl.v54i4.456