Prevalencia de carcinoma epidermoide de esófago en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello: estudio unicéntrico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52787/agl.v55i4.534Resumen
Introducción. Los pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello presentan un riesgo elevado de desarrollar tumores primarios-secundarios en el esófago, lo que repercute negativamente en el pronóstico. La detección temprana de estas lesiones puede mejorar de manera significativa la supervivencia.
Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de carcinoma epidermoide de esófago en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello, y describir sus características epidemiológicas.
Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo sobre la base de una cohorte de pacientes con diagnóstico actual o previo de cáncer de cabeza y cuello sometidos a esofagogastroduodenoscopia para pesquisa de tumores primarios-secundarios durante 2022, en un centro de referencia de São Paulo, Brasil.
Resultados. De los 177 pacientes evaluados, 165 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Se detectó carcinoma epidermoide de esófago en el 4,84% (IC 95%: 2,1–9,2) de los pacientes evaluados (8 de 165 casos), y en la mitad de ellos se diagnosticó en estadios avanzados. Predominaron los hombres (79%), con edad media de 65 años, fumadores y con tumor primario en la orofaringe. Las lesiones esofágicas de 7 milímetros o más se asociaron significativamente con neoplasia.
Conclusión. La prevalencia de tumores esofágicos primarios-secundarios en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello es relevante. Los varones de mayor edad, fumadores y con antecedente de tumor orofaríngeo representan el grupo de mayor riesgo. En este perfil, las lesiones endoscópicas de 7 milímetros o más deben considerarse un marcador de alto riesgo de neoplasia, lo que justifica la implementación de programas de pesquisa dirigidos a poblaciones vulnerables.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2025 Ana Victoria Martins Lima, Fernanda Carvalho Franco, Cesar Saul Quevedo Penaloza, Diego Cadena Agirre, Rafael Sartori Balbinot, Regina Rie Imada, Fabio Marioni, Renata Nobre Moura, Gustavo Andrade de Paulo, Adriana Vaz Safatle-Ribeiro, Louise Menezes da Cunha, Fábio Gonçalves Ferreira
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
