Endoscopic Findings in Procedures Performed in a Emergency Pediatric Room: Experience of a Multi Specialty Hospital in Patagonia, Argentina

Abstract

Introduction. Digestive endoscopy is a fundamental tool in the practice of pediatric gastroenterology, being crucial in the diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies such as foreign body ingestion. The incidence of these events is relevant in the pediatric population, with potential health risks.

Aim. This study aims to describe the reasons for performing urgent/emergency endoscopies in a pediatric ward at the most complex General Hospital in Patagonia, Argentina. 

Material and Methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, and observational study in the most important General Hospital of the Argentine Patagonia. Demographic data, clinical presentation, time of the procedure, endoscopic characteristics, causes and medical evolution of patients under 15 years of age admitted for pediatric emergencies were collected. Classification criteria were used to evaluate the severity of the lesions. 

Results. A total of 105 cases were analyzed, predominantly in girls with a mean age of 4.5 years. Most cases involved foreign body ingestion, followed by caustic injuries and gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopies were mainly performed on Fridays. Coins were the most frequent foreign body, while caustic injuries were mainly alkaline. All patients progressed favorably, with no complications arising from the procedure. 

Conclusion. Foreign body ingestion was the most common reason in the pediatric ward. Gastrointestinal bleeding was less frequent. All cases presented a favorable evolution. The need for prevention and education programs to reduce the incidence of these events in the pediatric population is emphasized.