Impacto del trastorno por consumo de cannabis en la cirrosis: análisis de la práctica habitual mediante emparejamiento por puntuación de propensión

Autores/as

  • FNU Alvina Resident Physician, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY-13202, USA. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8273-5252
  • Chidera N Onwuzo Resident Physician, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY-13202, USA.
  • Azhar Hussain Resident Physician, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY-13202, USA.
  • Adaora Ojiugo Moka Babcock State University: Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5075-4504
  • Rashid Abdel Razeq Resident Physician, Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44111, USA.
  • Somtochukwu Onwuzo Fellow Physician, Allegheny General Health, Pittsburgh, PA-15212, USA.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52787/agl.v56i2.592

Palabras clave:

Trastorno por consumo de cannabis, cirrosis, desequilibrio electrolítico, neumonía, ingreso en la UCI

Resumen

Introducción. El consumo de cannabis es cada vez más frecuente entre los pacientes con enfermedad hepática, pero su impacto clínico en los resultados de la cirrosis continúa siendo incierto. Este estudio evalúa la asociación entre el trastorno por consumo de cannabis y las complicaciones clínicas en pacientes con cirrosis.

Métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo utilizando la red TriNetX. Se incluyeron adultos de 18 a 89 años con cirrosis, divididos en dos cohortes: aquellos con trastorno por consumo de cannabis (n = 46.347) y aquellos sin este trastorno (n = 888.138). Se realizó un emparejamiento por puntuación de propensión (1:1) según las características demográficas y los valores de laboratorio clave. La muestra final emparejada estuvo compuesta por 46.168 pacientes en cada grupo. Los resultados se evaluaron durante un seguimiento de un año e incluyeron mortalidad por todas las causas, ingreso en cuidados intensivos, complicaciones respiratorias, dislectrolitemia e hipoalbuminemia.

Resultados. Los pacientes con trastorno por consumo de cannabis presentaron una probabilidad significativamente mayor de mortalidad por todas las causas (OR 1,086; IC 95%: 1,052-1,121), ingreso en cuidados intensivos (OR 1,400; IC 95%: 1,348-1,453), neumonía (OR 1,212; IC 95%: 1,158-1,268), neumotórax (OR 1,160; IC 95%: 1,041-1,293) e hipoalbuminemia (OR 1,074; IC 95%: 1,035-1,114). La hiponatremia (OR 1,241; IC 95%: 1,191-1,293), la hiperpotasemia (OR 1,102; IC 95%: 1,053-1,154) y la hipopotasemia (OR 1,302; IC 95%: 1,248-1,359) fueron más frecuentes en el grupo con consumo de cannabis. No se observaron asociaciones significativas para el hemotórax (OR 1,074; IC 95%: 0,922-1,251) ni para el empiema (OR 0,945; IC 95%: 0,805-1,109).

Conclusión. Estos hallazgos observacionales sugieren que el trastorno por consumo de cannabis documentado puede identificar un subgrupo de mayor riesgo entre los pacientes con cirrosis, aunque no establecen una relación causal. Los médicos podrían considerar la evaluación del consumo de cannabis como parte de la valoración del riesgo y del asesoramiento clínico. Se requieren estudios prospectivos adicionales para definir con mayor precisión los mecanismos involucrados y el impacto a largo plazo del cannabis en la enfermedad hepática avanzada.

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Publicado

30-06-2026

Cómo citar

Alvina, F., N Onwuzo, C., Hussain, A., Ojiugo Moka, A., Abdel Razeq, R., & Onwuzo, S. (2026). Impacto del trastorno por consumo de cannabis en la cirrosis: análisis de la práctica habitual mediante emparejamiento por puntuación de propensión. Acta Gastroenterológica Latinoamericana, 56(2), 208–215. https://doi.org/10.52787/agl.v56i2.592