Restricción alimentaria en la enfermedad celíaca: diagnóstico diferencial entre trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y alimentación desordenada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52787/agl.v56i2.653Palabras clave:
Enfermedad celíaca, trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, alimentación desordenada, dieta libre de gluten, anorexia nerviosa, trastorno evitativo/restrictivo de la ingesta alimentariaResumen
La enfermedad celíaca requiere una adherencia estricta a la dieta libre de gluten, lo que puede afectar significativamente las conductas alimentarias y aumentar el riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y alimentación desordenada. Si bien resulta clínicamente desafiante, diferenciar estas entidades es fundamental en el contexto de una restricción dietética prescrita. En esta revisión de la literatura, identificamos un mayor riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, especialmente de anorexia nerviosa, en personas con enfermedad celíaca, así como conductas de alimentación desordenada, incluyendo restricción excesiva, ansiedad relacionada con los alimentos y evitación social, todas asociadas con una menor calidad de vida. Sin embargo, las herramientas de · M I evaluación actuales no distinguen adecuadamente entre conductas alimentarias patológicas y la adherencia adecuada a una dieta terapéutica prescrita. Aunque se recomienda un abordaje multidisciplinario que incluya apoyo nutricional y de salud mental, aún faltan estrategias terapéuticas específicas basadas en evidencia para la enfermedad. En conjunto, la patología alimentaria en la enfermedad celíaca es frecuente y clínicamente relevante, lo que resalta la necesidad de mejorar su detección y desarrollar herramientas diagnósticas más apropiadas tanto para la práctica clínica como para la investigación.
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